The reflexive
pronouns are:
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Singular:
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myself - yourself - himself
- herself - itself
|
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Plural:
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ourselves - yourselves - themselves
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When we use a reflexive pronoun
We use a reflexive pronoun:
• as a direct
object when the object is the same as the subject of the
verb:
I am
teaching myself to
play the piano.
Be careful with that knife. You might cut yourself.
Be careful with that knife. You might cut yourself.
We can use a reflexive pronoun as direct object with
most transitive verbs, but these are the most common:
|
amuse
|
blame
|
cut
|
dry
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enjoy
|
help
|
|
hurt
|
introduce
|
kill
|
prepare
|
satisfy
|
teach
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Some verbs change their meaning slightly when they have a reflexive pronoun as direct object:
·
Would you like to help yourself to another
drink?
= Would you like to take another drink.
= Would you like to take another drink.
·
I wish the children would behave
themselves.
= I wish the children would behave well.
= I wish the children would behave well.
·
He found himself lying by the side of the
road.
= He was surprised when he realised that he was at the side of the road.
= He was surprised when he realised that he was at the side of the road.
·
I saw myself as a famous actor.
= I imagined that I was a famous actor.
= I imagined that I was a famous actor.
·
She applied herself to the job of mending
the lights.
= She worked very hard to mend the lights.
= She worked very hard to mend the lights.
·
He busied himself in the kitchen.
= He worked busily in the kitchen.
= He worked busily in the kitchen.
·
I had to content myself with a few Euros.
= I had to be satisfied with a few Euros.
= I had to be satisfied with a few Euros.
We do not use
a reflexive pronoun after verbs which describe things people usually do for
themselves, such as wash, shave, dress:
He washed [himself] in cold water.
He always shaved [himself] before going out in the evening.
Michael dressed [himself] and got ready for the party.
He always shaved [
Michael dressed [
We only use reflexives with these verbs
for emphasis:
He dressed himself in spite of his injuries.
She’s old enough to wash herself.
She’s old enough to wash herself.
• as indirect
object when the indirect object is the same as the subject of the
verb:
Would you like to pour yourself a drink.
We’ve brought ourselves something to eat.
We’ve brought ourselves something to eat.
• as the object
of a preposition when the object refers to
the subject of
the clause:
They had to cook for themselves.
He was feeling very sorry for himself.
He was feeling very sorry for himself.
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Warning
|
|
But we use personal pronouns, not reflexives,
after prepositions
of place...
He had a suitcase beside him.
and after with when
it means "accompanied by":
She had a few friends with her.
|
We use a reflexive pronoun...
• with the preposition by when we want
to show that someone did something alone and/or without any help:
He lived by himself in an
enormous house.
She walked home by herself.
She walked home by herself.
The children got dressed by themselves.
I prepared the whole meal by myself.
I prepared the whole meal by myself.
• to emphasise the
person or thing we are referring to:
Kendal itself is quite a small town.
especially if we are talking about someone very
famous:
Sir Paul McCartney himself sang the final song.
We often put the reflexive pronoun at the end of the
clause when we are using it for emphasis:
I baked
the bread myself.
She mended the car herself
She mended the car herself
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